Indonesian Journal Education

Teachers’ strategies in teaching English vocabulary through games in elementary school

Tiarnita Maria Sarjani Siregar — 2026-04-01

This study aims to examine teachers' strategies in teaching English vocabulary through games in elementary schools. Vocabulary is an important foundation in language learning, and the use of games is considered capable of making the learning process more interesting and meaningful for students. This study employs a literature review method to analyze various findings related to the application of games in vocabulary learning. The results of the study show that teachers use various games such as flashcards, word-matching games, bingo, guessing games, and role play, which are systematically integrated into the learning process. The use of games helps students understand the meaning of words, improve memory, and use vocabulary in simple communication. In addition, games also increase students' motivation, participation, and confidence. Overall, game-based vocabulary learning is effective in elementary schools if it is well designed and properly managed by teachers.

Legal status of zombie companies in Indonesia

Nurhilmiyah Nurhilmiyah — 2026-04-08

Zombie companies—persistently unprofitable firms sustained by cheap credit or government support—pose a significant challenge to Indonesia’s post-COVID-19 economic recovery. This study analyzes their legal status within Indonesian law, particularly in relation to the going concern principle, bankruptcy provisions, and state intervention policies. Using a normative-empirical approach, the research examines key regulations, including Law No. 40/2007 on Limited Liability Companies, Law No. 37/2004 on Bankruptcy as amended by Law No. 4/2023, and OJK regulations on credit restructuring. Findings reveal regulatory gaps that enable the persistence of zombie firms, leading to moral hazard, inefficient capital allocation, and rising non-performing loans (NPLs). Comparative insights from China highlight the importance of stricter enforcement and structured firm exit mechanisms. This study recommends establishing objective zombie thresholds, strengthening OJK oversight, and reforming legal frameworks to enhance market discipline and support sustainable economic growth in emerging economies.

Marriage agreement in a positive legal perspective on inheritance division

Rizka Syafriana — 2026-04-08

This study examines the legal position and implications of marriage agreements in the division of inheritance within the Indonesian legal system. A marriage agreement, as regulated in the Civil Code and Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, provides autonomy for spouses to arrange the separation of property based on the principle of freedom of contract, while still adhering to legal requirements and public order. Using a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes relevant laws, legal doctrines, and scholarly literature to understand the impact of such agreements. The findings reveal that marriage agreements have both internal implications between spouses and external implications involving third parties, particularly in matters of debt liability and inheritance distribution. Despite offering legal certainty, the application of marriage agreements remains limited by juridical constraints to ensure fairness and balance. The study highlights the need for regulatory reform to better accommodate evolving social dynamics and recognize both monetary and non-monetary contributions in household life, thereby promoting substantive justice in inheritance division.