Indonesian Journal Education

Interpretation of religious moderation from the perspective of Muhammadiyah members in Air Joman Distric

Nurul Hidayah — 2026-01-25

This study aims to analyze the interpretation of religious moderation among Muhammadiyah members in Air Joman Subdistrict, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra. Religious moderation is understood as a balanced attitude that avoids extremism and intolerance while promoting harmonious religious practices. Muhammadiyah, as one of the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia, plays a strategic role in instilling moderate values through education, preaching, and charitable activities. However, the internalization of these values encounters challenges, particularly among the younger generation, who are increasingly influenced by social, cultural, and technological dynamics. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The research subjects consist of Muhammadiyah leaders, active members—including youth—and community members involved in Muhammadiyah activities. Data analysis is conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation to ensure data validity. The findings are expected to provide insights into Muhammadiyah members’ perceptions of religious moderation, the factors shaping these interpretations, and their relevance in fostering social harmony. Ultimately, this study is expected to contribute to strengthening religious moderation within Islamic organizations and to serve as a reference for developing educational programs and policies aimed at cultivating moderate values, particularly among younger generations.

Virtual reality games in improving motor skills and physical activity in children with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review

Yovhandra Ockta — 2026-01-27

Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising technological innovation in education and rehabilitation, particularly for supporting motor development and physical activity among children with intellectual disabilities. This study aims to map and synthesize existing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of VR-based interventions in improving motor skills and physical activity in this population. A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines by systematically searching ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases for articles published between 2019 and 2025. From an initial yield of 1,009 studies, eight articles met the predefined inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The findings indicate that VR-based interventions, especially those integrating virtual and real-world games, consistently improve walking ability, object control, and gross motor skills. Several studies also reported gains in muscle strength and coordination, although evidence regarding balance improvement remains inconsistent. Despite its potential benefits, challenges related to accessibility, intervention design, and individual adaptability persist. Overall, VR represents a valuable and engaging tool for enhancing motor skills and physical activity in children with intellectual disabilities. Future research should emphasize targeted program development, long-term outcome evaluation, and interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize VR-based rehabilitation and educational interventions.

Woman’s empowerment in mulan: a feminist literary

Rotua Sinta Marito Pakpahan — 2026-01-27

Women’s empowerment has become a central theme in contemporary literary and film studies, particularly in works that challenge traditional gender roles. Mulan, in both its animated (1998) and live-action (2020) versions, presents a female protagonist who resists patriarchal expectations and redefines women’s position in society. This study aims to analyze the representation of women’s empowerment in Mulan using a feminist literary approach. The analysis focuses on how Mulan negotiates gender norms, asserts agency, and embodies feminist values through her actions, decisions, and character development throughout the narrative. Using qualitative textual analysis, the study examines key scenes, dialogues, character portrayals, and symbolic elements that illustrate empowerment, resistance, and identity construction. The findings reveal that Mulan presents empowerment through three major aspects: (1) challenging patriarchal structures, (2) redefining femininity and heroism, and (3) asserting women’s autonomy and voice. The film portrays Mulan not only as a courageous warrior but also as a symbol of women’s capacity to transcend societal limitations and participate equally in traditionally male-dominated spaces. This research contributes to feminist literary criticism by highlighting how popular films can promote gender awareness and broaden representations of empowered women in modern narratives.

Word stress in English two-syllable words among poesis seminary students

Santa R Sihombing — 2026-01-27

This study investigates word stress errors in English two-syllable words produced by Poesis Seminary students and examines how these errors affect experiential meaning within Halliday’s experiential metafunction framework. Employing a descriptive qualitative design supported by simple quantitative analysis, the study involved 15 twelfth-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through a pronunciation task consisting of ten English two-syllable words and semi-structured interviews. Students’ pronunciations were audio-recorded, transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet, and analysed to identify error types, frequency, and meaning distortion. The findings reveal that 65.3% of the pronunciations contained word stress errors, with misplaced stress emerging as the most dominant type. Stress-contrast noun–verb pairs generated more errors than fixed-stress words. Linguistic factors such as Indonesian stress patterns, complex English stress rules, and limited phonological awareness, as well as pedagogical factors including lack of explicit instruction and limited exposure to spoken English, contributed to these errors. From an experiential metafunction perspective, incorrect stress placement frequently altered grammatical roles and distorted intended meaning. The study concludes that word stress should be taught as a meaning-related feature to enhance communicative clarity in EFL contexts.

Principle of legal certainty of power of attorney imposing mortgage rights as credit guarantee for micro, small and medium enterprises

Lilawati Ginting — 2026-01-28

A Power of Attorney to Impose a Mortgage (Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan / SKMHT) is a legal instrument commonly used in banking practices as collateral for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) credit, particularly when the establishment of a Mortgage Right (Hak Tanggungan) cannot be carried out immediately. The use of SKMHT is intended to accelerate credit disbursement and provide administrative convenience for MSMEs. However, since SKMHT merely grants authority and does not constitute a material security right, legal issues arise concerning the application of the principle of legal certainty for creditors. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the principle of legal certainty in the use of SKMHT as collateral for MSME credit. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the use of SKMHT in MSME credit arrangements does not fully fulfill the principle of legal certainty, as it fails to provide strong legal protection for creditors prior to its conversion into a Deed of Granting Mortgage Rights (Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan / APHT).

Restorative justice approach in resolution of criminal cases of blasphemy committed by health care workers in bathing covid-19 body at djasemen regional general hospital, Pematangsiantar

Lailatus Sururiyah — 2026-01-28

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the concept of restorative justice emerged as a potentially ideal approach for law enforcement and conflict mitigation. One notable case occurred at Djasamen Saragih Regional General Hospital in Pematangsiantar, involving the washing of the body of a woman confirmed to have COVID-19 by four male healthcare workers. In response to this case, the Pematangsiantar District Attorney’s Office decided to discontinue the prosecution by issuing a Decree on Termination of Prosecution (Surat Ketetapan Penghentian Penuntutan / SKP2) Number D-505/L.12/Eku/02/2021. This decision can be regarded as appropriate and proportionate under the circumstances. The Head of the Pematangsiantar District Attorney’s Office, Agustinus, stated that the four healthcare workers were not proven to have violated Article 156a in conjunction with Article 55 of the Indonesian Criminal Code concerning blasphemy.

Land utilization of hydroelectric power from Koto Panjang reservoir becoming a tourist destination in Kampar District, Riau Province

Abdul Rahman Cemda — 2026-01-29

This study examines land utilization of the Koto Panjang Hydroelectric Power Reservoir as a tourist destination in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, with an emphasis on sustainable tourism development. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through field observations and in-depth interviews to capture existing land-use practices, tourism activities, and stakeholder perceptions. The findings reveal that the reservoir possesses significant tourism potential, particularly in scenic-based tourism supported by natural landscapes, reservoir waters, and surrounding forest areas. However, current utilization remains suboptimal, with limited development in water tourism, culinary attractions, and resting facilities. Furthermore, tourism development faces challenges related to environmental degradation, weak governance, and conflicts with the reservoir’s primary function as a hydropower and water resource system. From a sustainability perspective, tourism utilization has not fully achieved a balance between economic benefits, social acceptance, and ecological preservation. This study concludes that tourism development in the Koto Panjang Reservoir should prioritize ecotourism-based scenic tourism, strengthen community participation, and integrate environmental protection to support sustainable regional development without undermining the reservoir’s core functions.

Challenges faced by elementary school teachers in the era of educational globalization

Fitri Handayani — 2026-01-29

Educational globalization is an unavoidable phenomenon in the development of modern education, bringing fundamental changes in the utilization of information and communication technology, the demands of 21st-century competencies, and shifts in students’ values and character. These transformations pose increasingly complex challenges for elementary school teachers, who play a strategic role in shaping students’ foundational knowledge, skills, attitudes, and character. This article aims to provide an integrative examination of the challenges faced by elementary school teachers in responding to educational globalization and to identify potential efforts to address these challenges. The study employs a qualitative descriptive literature review approach by analyzing fifteen national peer-reviewed journal articles published within the last five to seven years. The findings indicate that the challenges faced by elementary school teachers are multidimensional and interconnected, including limited mastery of instructional technology, transformations in pedagogical roles, increasing demands for professional and pedagogical competence, shifts in students’ cultural values and character, and readiness to implement globally oriented curricula. The study further highlights that continuous professional development, supported by institutional and policy-level collaboration, is essential for enabling elementary school teachers to adapt, innovate, and perform effectively in the dynamic context of educational globalization.

Inflectional affixes in j.k. Rowling's novel Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

Rachael Joy Nabasa Silalahi — 2026-01-30

This study examines the use of inflectional affixes in J.K. Rowling’s novel Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets from a morphological perspective. The research aims to identify the types of inflectional affixes and explain their grammatical functions in the narrative context. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, with data collected from selected words and sentences in the novel. The analysis is based on Yule’s (2010) theory, which classifies English inflection into eight categories: plural, possessive, third person singular present, past tense, past participle, progressive, comparative, and superlative. The findings reveal a total of 34 inflectional forms, consisting of five plural forms, five possessives, three third person singular forms, ten past tense forms, three past participles, five progressive forms, two comparative forms, and two superlative forms. These results demonstrate that inflectional affixes play an essential role in conveying grammatical meaning without altering word class or core meaning. This study contributes to morphological analysis by illustrating the practical use of English inflectional affixes in literary texts and may serve as a reference for students and researchers in linguistics and English language studies.

Problems of students in memorizing the Quran in Islamic boarding school in Koto Kampar Hulu District

Asmardi Asmardi — 2026-02-05

This study examines the challenges faced by students (santri) in memorizing the Qur’an in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Koto Kampar Hulu District. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving santri, tahfizh teachers, and pesantren administrators. The findings indicate that students experience both internal and external obstacles in the memorization process. Internal challenges include limited mastery of makharijul huruf and tajwid, lack of consistency (istiqamah), insufficient practice of muraja’ah, difficulties in memorizing long and mutasyabihat verses, and rapid forgetting of previously memorized passages. External factors consist of learning environment conditions, mentoring patterns, and varying levels of parental support. To address these challenges, pesantren implement several strategies, such as routine muraja’ah, grouping students based on memorization ability, strengthening learning motivation, and involving parents in supporting the memorization process. The study concludes that consistency and regular repetition play a more decisive role in successful Qur’anic memorization than intellectual ability alone.

Civil liability in illegal online loans

Rizka Syafriana — 2026-02-07

The development of financial technology–based online lending services in Indonesia has been accompanied by the widespread emergence of illegal online loan providers operating without registration or supervision from the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK). These illegal practices are characterized by high interest rates, short repayment periods, and weak consumer protection, leading to increased defaults and legal uncertainty for borrowers. This study aims to examine the role of the OJK in regulating and supervising online loan companies and to analyze the civil liability arising from credit agreements involving illegal online lending. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches, with data obtained through library research of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that the OJK functions as a regulator and supervisor to ensure order, transparency, and consumer protection in the financial services sector. Credit agreements with unlicensed online loan companies may be canceled due to the absence of legal authorization; however, debtors remain obligated to return the borrowed funds, and default does not eliminate civil liability.

Marketing strategy in education review as an effort to increase sales of dodol entrepreneurs (case study of dodol ria entrepreneurs in Tanjung Pura District)

Ulen Bangun — 2026-02-11

The marketing strategy implemented by Dodol Ria entrepreneurs in Tanjung Pura District to increase sales is based on the 4P marketing mix framework, which consists of product, price, place, and promotion strategies. In terms of place strategy, Dodol Ria operates in a strategic industrial location that is easily accessible to consumers, thereby supporting distribution efficiency and market reach. Regarding promotion strategy, Mrs. Sulastri collaborates with resellers to expand market coverage. In addition, consumers can place orders through social media platforms such as Instagram and WhatsApp, which facilitates easier access to Dodol Ria products and enhances customer convenience. By consistently implementing these four components of the marketing mix, Dodol Ria in Tanjung Pura District has been able to sustain its business operations, generate profits, and continue expanding its market presence. Maintaining product quality remains a key priority, as the existing quality standards are already well established. However, further innovation is necessary, particularly in diversifying flavor variants, to meet consumer preferences and stimulate continued growth in dodol sales.

The Effectiveness of Tarbiyah Halaqoh Activities on Teacher Performance in Improving Islamic Religious Understanding at YPI Nurul Fikri Suka Makmur, Binjai District, Langkat Regency

Azmy Azmy — 2026-02-11

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of tarbiyah halaqoh activities in improving teacher performance in strengthening Islamic religious understanding at YPI Nurul Fikri Suka Makmur, Binjai District, Langkat Regency. The research employed a quantitative correlational design involving all 30 teachers as the sample. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through normality, linearity, homogeneity, Product Moment correlation, and t-tests. The findings indicate that tarbiyah halaqoh activities are categorized as good, with a mean score of 61.53, while teacher performance in enhancing Islamic religious understanding is also classified as good, with a mean score of 67.66. Statistical analysis reveals a very strong positive correlation between tarbiyah halaqoh activities and teacher performance (r = 0.90 more than r table = 0.80). The t-test result (t = 25.1 more than 1.31; ? = 0.05) confirms that the alternative hypothesis is accepted. These results demonstrate that tarbiyah halaqoh activities significantly and directly contribute to improving teacher performance in developing Islamic religious understanding.