Morphological characterization of the coffee berry borer (hypothenemus hampei ferrari) on arabica and robusta coffee plants in north sumatra
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morphological characteristics,
altitude,
Arabica coffee,
Robusta coffee
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Abstract
This study aims to identify the morphological characteristics of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) on Arabica and Robusta coffee plants in North Sumatra across three locations with different altitudes: 1,028 m asl, 1,255 m asl, and 1,383 m asl. Insect samples were collected from infested coffee berries and observed morphologically using a stereo microscope, covering the characteristics of the caput (head), pronotum, thorax, abdomen, elytra, wings, and limbs. Data were analyzed descriptively and through cluster analysis to identify the effect of altitude on morphological variations and infestation levels. The results show that H. hampei specimens have a shiny dark brown to black body with an average length of 1.7 mm and width of 0.6 mm. Altitude significantly influences body size and infestation intensity, where specimens from higher altitude (1,383 m asl) exhibit smaller body size and the lowest fruit damage rate (49%) compared to specimens from 1,028 m asl, which recorded the highest damage rate (65%). These differences are attributed to variations in temperature, humidity, and ecological conditions at each altitude. These findings provide a scientific basis for more effective integrated pest management of the coffee berry borer tailored to local agroclimatic conditions.
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