Abstrak
Conventional management and verification of academic credentials still face limitations regarding document processing and verification workflows. This research aims to design and develop a Web3-based student graduation badge system utilizing non-transferable Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)—specifically Soulbound Tokens (SBTs)—via smart contracts on the Ethereum Sepolia Testnet. The system was developed using the Waterfall model, encompassing requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. Smart contracts were developed using Solidity and Hardhat, incorporating modifications to the ERC-721 standard to restrict token transfers, while the web-based interface was built using React.js and integrated with the blockchain via Ethers.js. Badge metadata is stored using the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). Functional testing results demonstrate that all nine test scenarios were successfully executed, yielding the expected outcomes. The system supports mass badge issuance via `mintBatch`, prevents token transfers, enables validity revocation and restoration through `softRevokeBatch` and `hardRevokeBatch`, and facilitates credential verification via a public webpage. These results indicate that SBTs serve as a viable alternative for managing digital graduation badges by providing a blockchain-based mechanism for credential issuance, management, and verification.
Referensi
Alam, S., Abdullah, H., Abdulhaq, R., & Hayawi, A. (2021). A blockchain-based framework for secure educational credentials. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(10), 5157–5167. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i10.5298
Chukowry, V., Nanuck, G., & Sungkur, R. K. (2021). The future of continuous learning—Digital badge and microcredential system using blockchain. Global Transitions Proceedings, 2(2), 355–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gltp.2021.08.026
Entriken, W., Shirley, D., Evans, J., & Sachs, N. (2018). ERC-721: Non-fungible token standard (EIP-721). Ethereum Improvement Proposals. https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
Huang, J., Chang, C., & Wu, Y. (2022). A secure file sharing system based on IPFS and blockchain. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2205.01728
Jaenudin, J., Zahran, A., & Mahdiana, D. (2024). Blockchain utilization in secure and decentralized Web 3.0 application development. Sinkron: Jurnal dan Penelitian Teknik Informatika, 8(1), 594–599. https://doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v9i1.13411
Kodir, A. (2025). Implementasi dan evaluasi sistem E-Ijazah berbasis web. JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika), 9(3), 5183–5189. https://doi.org/10.36040/jati.v9i3.13734
More, A., Poddar, V., & Sarda, S. (2023). Blockchain-based decentralized identification system using SoulBound tokens. In 2023 International Conference on Integration of Computational Intelligent System (ICICIS) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICIS56802.2023.10430319
Rahman, T., Chowdhury, M. A., Rahman, M. H., Hossain, S. M., & Razu, A. A. (2023). Verifi-Chain: A credentials verifier using blockchain and IPFS. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.05797
Razi, Q., Devrani, A., Abhyankar, H., Chalapathi, G. S. S., Hassija, V., & Guizani, M. (2023). Non-fungible tokens (NFTs)—Survey of current applications, evolution, and future directions. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 5, 2765–2791. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3343926
Tumati, T. V., Tian, Y., & Jiang, X. (2024). A Soulbound Token certificate verification system (SBTCert): Design and implementation. In 2024 IEEE 14th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC) (pp. 345–350). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCWC60891.2024.10427736
Turkanovi?, M., Hölbl, M., Koši?, K., Heri?ko, M., & Kamišali?, A. (2018). EduCTX: A blockchain-based higher education credit platform. IEEE Access, 6, 5112–5127. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2789929
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Zaid Ahlun Ulumuddin, Halim Maulana