The Impact of Night Shift, Work-Life Balance, and Ergonomic Factors on Occupational Accident Risk with Compliance to Safety Protocols

Main Article Content

Muhammad Abbyzard Dava Tjiknang
Suhardi Suhardi
Dedi Kurniadi

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of night shifts, work-life balance, and ergonomic factors on the risk of workplace accidents, with compliance to safety protocols as a mediating variable. The research was conducted on 154 respondents working in high-risk sectors. Data analysis was carried out using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the SmartPLS 4 software. The results show that night shifts have a significant and positive effect on the risk of workplace accidents. Meanwhile, work-life balance and ergonomic factors significantly influence compliance with safety protocols. However, compliance with safety protocols does not significantly affect the risk of accidents, and thus does not mediate the relationships between the other variables in the proposed model. These findings highlight the importance of better-managed night shift systems and the reinforcement of ergonomic conditions and work-life balance in ensuring a safe working environment. The practical implications call for managerial interventions and holistic occupational safety policies. Future studies are recommended to include additional variables such as job stress or safety culture, and to consider mixed-method approaches for a more comprehensive understanding.

Article Details

How to Cite
Tjiknang, M. A. D., Suhardi, S., & Kurniadi, D. (2025). The Impact of Night Shift, Work-Life Balance, and Ergonomic Factors on Occupational Accident Risk with Compliance to Safety Protocols. Economic: Journal Economic and Business, 4(2), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.56495/ejeb.v4i2.1008
Section
Articles

References

Afrizal, A., Arjuna, A., Suhardi, S., & Yani, A. (2022). The effect of procedural justice, quality of work life, and intrinsic work motivation on organizational citizenship behavior and their impact on honorer teacher performance in Pangkalpinang. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 6(4). https://doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v6i4.7017

Alnizari, F. (2024). Worker well-being: A holistic approach to safety and health engineering. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 14(2), 106-117. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.14.02.2023.p14613

An, J., Kim, J. S., Yoon, S.-Y., Woo, K.-H., Cho, S.-Y., Kim, K., & Jo, H. (2020). Association of work–life balance with occupational injury and work-related musculoskeletal pain among Korean workers. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.35371/AOEM.2020.32.E20

Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2021). Burnout and work engagement: The JD-R approach. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 517–545.

Bazaluk, O., Tsopa, V., Cheberiachko, S., Deryugin, O. V., Radchuk, D., Borovytskyi, O., & Lozynskyi, V. (2023). Ergonomic risk management process for safety and health at work. Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1253141

Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (2023). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246.

Betts, J. (2023). Shift work. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 279–284).

Buyang, C. G., Sariyani, M. D., & Kolianan, J. B. (2024). Analysis of occupational safety policies in the manufacturing industry related to compliance and its impact on occupational accidents. Miracle Get Journal, 1(4), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.69855/mgj.v1i4.69

Byrne, B. M. (2021). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Routledge.

Chandola, T., Brunner, E., & Marmot, M. (2023). Work-life balance and occupational stress: Implications for health and safety. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 75(3), 214–225.

Chung, H., & Lee, S. (2021). Ergonomic work environment and safety compliance among industrial workers. Human Factors and Ergonomics Journal, 32(3), 225–240.

Dwiyanti, D. O., & Nalendra, M. A. S. (2024). Optimizing work safety: Campaign using the facet model of approach effect and the assessment sheet potential hazard IDEACM. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.24014/jti.v10i1.29410

Fadillah, W. W. (2022). Hubungan shift kerja dan kelelahan kerja dengan tingkat kinerja driver hauling CV. Lintas Fortuna Nusantara. Jurnal Lingkungan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat, 1(3), 128–133. https://doi.org/10.69883/jlkm.v1i3.19

Fischer, F. M., Silva-Costa, A., & Moreno, C. R. (2021). Shift work and occupational health: A critical review. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 34(2), 129–145.

García, M., López, R., & Fernández, A. (2021). Economic pressure and risk-taking in workplace safety: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 83, 103–112.

Gisela, F. P. P., & Sumaryono, S. (2024). Work-life balance karyawan perusahaan swasta ditinjau dari perceived long working hours dan psychological safety saat bekerja dari rumah. Jurnal Psikologi (Edisi Elektronik), 17(2), 252–264. https://doi.org/10.35760/psi.2024.v17i2.7930

Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2023). The relation between work-family balance and safety compliance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 44(2), 345–360.

Halim, N. A., Salleh, S. M., Sobry, S. C., & Halim, M. K. A. (2024). Fostering employee well-being: The role of occupational safety and health in modern working policies. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(10), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.8100005

Härmä, M., Koskinen, A., Sallinen, M., Kubo, T., Ropponen, A., & Lombardi, D. A. (2020). Characteristics of working hours and the risk of occupational injuries among hospital employees: A case-crossover study. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 46(6), 570–578. https://doi.org/10.5271/SJWEH.3905

Huang, Y. H., Robertson, M. M., & Lee, J. (2023). Safety culture and workplace accidents: An empirical study. Safety Science, 157, 105892.

Isp??oiu, A., Milo?an, I., & Gabor, C. (2024). Improving workplace safety and health through a rapid ergonomic risk assessment methodology enhanced by an artificial intelligence system. Applied System Innovation, 7(6), 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi7060103

Kamijantono, H., Sebayang, M. M., & Lesmana, A. (2024). Risk factors and ergonomic influence on musculoskeletal disorders in the work environment. Journal La Medihealtico, 5(3), 660–670. https://doi.org/10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v5i3.1413

Kim, H., & Park, J. (2021). Work-life balance and occupational safety. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 14(4), 451–467.

Lee, H., & Kim, D. (2022). Work-life balance and workplace safety: How fatigue affects compliance with safety regulations. Safety Science, 135, 105130.

Lombardi, I., Senese, V. P., & Capece, S. (2023). Design, human factors and neuroergonomics for safety in manufacturing. AHFE International. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003653

Malik, A., Ali, A., Akram, M., & Rasheed, R. (2024). Assessment of sleep quality, fatigue and its association with occupational injuries among shift workers in an electronic industrial environment. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2024.2404326

Marková, P., Homokyová, M., Praj, F., & ?ambál, M. (2022). Prevention of accidents at work and occupational diseases by implementation of ergonomics. MM Science Journal, 2022(1), 5526–5532. https://doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2022_03_2022002

Melhem, M., Ateeq, A., Alzoraiki, M., & Beshr, B. A. H. (2024). Integrating occupational health and safety with human resource management: A comprehensive approach. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54379-1_27

Mo?d?y?ska, A., Wojtala, L., Pawlak, W., Paw?ocik, W., Musia?, L., Szymanska, J., Grabowska, E. A., Kaplon, K., Rymarz, A., & Kojder, D. (2023). The impact of shift work and sleep deficiency on health. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 28(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.28.01.001

Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2022). Financial compensation and workplace safety: Exploring the linkages. Human Resource Management Review, 32(4), 100850.

Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2022). Safety climate and safety performance: The role of safety knowledge and motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(1), 21–34.

Pardo, S., Richardson, M., & Bellamy, L. (2021). Safety culture and accident prevention: A meta-analytical review. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 150, 105892.

Paskawati, A., Salju, S., Rismawati, R., Goso, G., & Rahmawati, R. (2024). Managing work-life balance to optimize employee welfare and productivity. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Practices, 7(27), 458–474. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijemp.727035

Prados, G., Mendoza-Vinces, Á., Holguín Jimenez, M. L., Martín, J. C., & Fernández?Puerta, L. (2025). Factors associated with workplace injuries among shift work nurses: A cross-sectional study in an Ecuadorian sample. Nursing Reports, 15(2), 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15020044

Probst, T. M., & Brubaker, T. L. (2021). The effects of economic stress on workplace safety: A longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(5), 788–799.

Putri, N. K., & Putra, B. I. (2024). Revolutionizing workplace safety through innovative ergonomic solutions in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v19i4.1165

Ramos-García, V. M., López-Leyva, J. A., Balderrama-Carmona, A. P., Ochoa Vázquez, I., García, J. J., & Espinoza-Espino, M. de J. (2024). An analysis of occupational hazards based on the physical ergonomics dimension to improve the occupational health of agricultural workers: The case in Mayo Valley, Mexico. Safety, 10(3), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10030061

Selamat, M. N., & Kao, M. J. W. (2022). An investigation of ergonomic risk factors and occupational safety and health (OSH) performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 12(10). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i10/15386

Shahabadkar, K. R., Dani, S., Shahabadkar, R., & Kulkarni, A. (2023). Ergonomic factors impacting industrial operator performance, productivity, and musculoskeletal health. IEEE Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf58110.2023.10520351

Smith, A., Jackson, T., & Riley, P. (2023). The effect of shift work on accident rates in industrial settings. Journal of Occupational Health, 65(3), 275–290.

Smith, J., Johnson, K., & Williams, P. (2023). Night shift work and occupational safety compliance: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Health, 65(4), 324–338.

Smith, L., Folkard, S., & Poole, C. J. (2022). Shift work and occupational safety: A meta-analytical review. Ergonomics, 65(8), 1023–1040.

Tran, Y., Liao, H.-H., Yeh, E.-H., Ellis, L. A., Clay-Williams, R., & Braithwaite, J. (2021). Examining the pathways by which work-life balance influences safety culture among healthcare workers in Taiwan: Path analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey on patient safety culture among hospital staff. BMJ Open, 11(11), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054143

Tsopa, V., Cheberiachko, S., Cheberiachko, Y., Deryugin, O. V., Chencheva, O., Rieznik, D., Klimov, E., Lashko, Y., Pashko, D., & Biliaieva, V. (2024). Development of a new ergonomic risks management algorithm on the example of drivers. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.302886

Vasileva, N. V., Loktionov, O. A., & Kuznetsov, N. S. (2023). Ergonomic workplace parameters and stress factors effects to occupational risks level assessment. Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-105-109

Westwell, A., Cocco, P., van Tongeren, M., & Murphy, E. (2021). Sleepiness and safety at work among night shift NHS nurses. Occupational Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqab137

Zahid, A., Tasneem, W., Anwar, R., & Aziz, F. (2022). Impact of shift work on health: A review. Annals of King Edward Medical University, 9(2), 70–73. https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v9i2.4941

Zohar, D. (2020). Safety climate: Conceptualization, measurement, and improvement. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 142, 105552.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>