The application of a problem-based learning (PBL) model to improve writing skills in elementary school children
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elementary school,
discipline,
mutual cooperation,
Merdeka Curriculum
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Abstract
This article discusses the implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to enhance elementary school students' expository writing skills. PBL fosters student engagement through real-life problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, and independence. Utilizing a literature review of twenty previous studies (SINTA 2021–2025), findings indicate that PBL success is supported by habituation, teacher modeling, and character value integration. Key obstacles include time constraints, high administrative burdens, and low parental-community involvement. In conclusion, PBL implementation requires consistent application and comprehensive educational ecosystem support, with implications for teacher capacity building, school-family synergy, and sustainable policies.
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