Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policies

Economic: Journal Economic and Business (EJEB) recognizes the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including generative AI and machine learning technologies, in academic research, manuscript preparation, and scholarly publishing. AI-powered tools may support research and publication activities when used responsibly, transparently, and under appropriate human supervision.

EJEB is published by Lembaga Riset Mutiara Akbar (LARISMA) and is committed to maintaining academic integrity, originality, accountability, confidentiality, and transparency throughout the publication process.

This policy establishes the journal's principles and requirements concerning the use of AI tools by authors, peer reviewers, editors, and editorial staff. It is informed by the ethical principles promoted by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and relevant scholarly publishing practices.

1. Use of AI Tools by Authors

Authors may use AI-assisted tools to support manuscript preparation and research-related activities, provided that their use does not compromise scholarly integrity, methodological validity, originality, or author accountability.

Acceptable applications may include:

  • Language editing, grammar correction, and improvement of manuscript readability.

  • Translation and language refinement.

  • Assistance with manuscript formatting and reference organization.

  • Support for coding, computational procedures, or data processing when methodologically appropriate.

  • Assistance with literature organization and research workflows, subject to independent verification of the information and sources used.

AI tools must not replace the authors' intellectual contributions, independent scholarly judgment, or responsibility for research findings and conclusions.

Authors must not present AI-generated statements, analyses, references, data, or interpretations as verified scholarly findings without appropriate examination and validation.

The use of AI must comply with applicable research ethics, confidentiality requirements, intellectual property rights, and the journal's publication policies.

2. AI Tools and Authorship

Only individuals who meet EJEB's authorship criteria may be listed as authors of a manuscript.

AI systems, including generative AI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and similar applications, cannot be recognized as authors or co-authors.

AI tools cannot independently accept responsibility for scholarly content, approve a manuscript for publication, disclose conflicts of interest, or fulfill the ethical obligations associated with academic authorship.

All listed authors remain collectively responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and ethical compliance of the submitted manuscript.

Authorship must be determined according to the journal's established Authorship Criteria.

3. Disclosure of AI Use

Authors must transparently disclose the use of generative AI tools when such tools have materially contributed to the preparation of manuscript content, research procedures, data processing, analysis, code development, or other substantive scholarly activities.

The disclosure should identify:

  1. The name of the AI tool or system used.

  2. The purpose and extent of its use.

  3. The relevant research or manuscript preparation activities supported by the tool.

  4. The authors' responsibility for reviewing, verifying, and validating the resulting content or outputs.

Disclosures should ordinarily appear in an Acknowledgments or Declaration of AI Use section, as appropriate to the manuscript structure.

Where AI-assisted procedures form part of the research methodology, the relevant details must also be described in the Research Method section to support methodological transparency and reproducibility.

Routine spelling checks, basic grammar correction, and other standard automated functions that do not materially contribute to scholarly content do not ordinarily require a separate AI disclosure.

Example of an AI Use Declaration

"The authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI) to assist with language refinement and improve the readability of the manuscript. All AI-assisted outputs were reviewed and verified by the authors, who take full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the published content."

For research-related applications, authors should provide a more specific declaration describing the relevant tool, procedures, and validation performed.

The absence of an appropriate disclosure may be examined by the editorial team when credible concerns arise regarding the integrity or transparency of the manuscript.

4. Author Responsibility and Accountability

Authors are fully responsible for all content submitted to EJEB, including materials prepared or modified with the assistance of AI technologies.

Authors must independently verify the accuracy and reliability of AI-assisted outputs, including:

  • Factual statements and scholarly interpretations.

  • Citations, references, and bibliographic information.

  • Research data, statistical results, and analytical findings.

  • Computer code, algorithms, and computational procedures.

  • Translations and technical terminology.

  • Tables, figures, and other research materials.

Authors must ensure that AI-assisted content does not contain fabricated references, unsupported claims, plagiarism, misleading interpretations, or inappropriate biases.

The use of AI does not reduce the responsibility of authors to comply with the journal's publication ethics, plagiarism, authorship, and research integrity requirements.

5. Use of AI in Research and Data Analysis

AI and machine learning methods may be employed as legitimate research tools when appropriate to the study's objectives, methodology, and disciplinary context.

Authors using AI in research design, data processing, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, coding, or interpretation must ensure that the procedures are scientifically justified and adequately documented.

Where relevant, manuscripts should describe the AI methods, tools, models, configurations, and validation procedures necessary to understand and evaluate the research.

AI-generated or AI-assisted analytical results must be examined critically and supported by appropriate methodological evidence.

Authors must not fabricate datasets, manipulate results, or use AI-generated materials to misrepresent observations or empirical findings.

Research involving confidential, proprietary, personal, or otherwise sensitive data must comply with applicable privacy, consent, institutional, and legal requirements.

6. Use of AI by Peer Reviewers

EJEB implements a double-blind peer-review system and requires reviewers to protect the confidentiality and integrity of manuscripts entrusted to them.

Reviewers must not upload submitted manuscripts, manuscript excerpts, unpublished research data, or other confidential review materials to external AI platforms without explicit authorization from the editorial team and appropriate safeguards.

Reviewers must not delegate their independent scholarly evaluation or recommendation to an AI system.

AI tools may be used for limited non-confidential assistance, such as refining the grammar or clarity of reviewer comments, provided that such use does not expose confidential manuscript information.

Any substantive AI assistance in preparing a review must be disclosed to the editorial team and must comply with the journal's confidentiality requirements.

Reviewers remain personally responsible for the accuracy, fairness, originality, and scholarly quality of their assessments.

7. Use of AI by Editors and Editorial Staff

Editors and editorial staff may use appropriate AI-assisted tools for limited administrative, technical, or editorial support when such use is consistent with the journal's confidentiality, data protection, and publication ethics requirements.

Potential applications may include language assistance, formatting checks, bibliographic verification support, and other non-decisional editorial tasks.

Confidential manuscripts, reviewer reports, author information, and unpublished research materials must not be entered into external AI services without appropriate authorization and safeguards.

AI-generated assessments must not replace independent editorial judgment.

All decisions concerning manuscript acceptance, revision, rejection, correction, or retraction must remain under the responsibility of authorized human editors.

Editorial decisions must be based on scholarly merit, applicable journal policies, and appropriate human evaluation.

8. Ethical Use, Transparency, and Prevention of Bias

All parties involved in EJEB's publication process must use AI technologies responsibly and critically.

AI-assisted content must not compromise academic integrity, fairness, confidentiality, originality, or the reliability of published research.

Authors, reviewers, and editors should remain attentive to risks associated with AI systems, including:

  • Inaccurate or fabricated information.

  • Nonexistent or misleading scholarly references.

  • Bias or discriminatory content.

  • Inappropriate reproduction of copyrighted materials.

  • Unauthorized disclosure of confidential information.

  • Misrepresentation of research procedures or findings.

  • Excessive dependence on automated outputs without independent verification.

The use of AI must support, rather than replace, responsible human scholarly judgment.

9. Violations of the AI Policy

Suspected violations of this policy will be assessed in accordance with EJEB's Publication Ethics and Allegation of Research Misconduct policies.

Potential violations may include:

  • Misrepresenting AI-generated research data or findings as genuine empirical evidence.

  • Submitting fabricated citations, analyses, or research results.

  • Concealing material AI involvement when disclosure is required.

  • Using AI tools in ways that violate manuscript confidentiality or research participant privacy.

  • Inappropriately delegating peer-review or editorial decisions to AI systems.

  • Using AI-assisted content in ways that constitute plagiarism or other forms of publication misconduct.

The editorial team will assess concerns fairly and proportionately, considering the available evidence, seriousness of the issue, and opportunity for relevant parties to provide clarification.

Depending on the circumstances, appropriate editorial actions may include requests for clarification or correction, manuscript revision, rejection, or post-publication measures consistent with the journal's established policies.

A published article may be corrected or retracted when warranted under EJEB's Correction and Retraction Policy.

The use of AI tools alone does not constitute research or publication misconduct.

10. Policy Review and Updates

EJEB recognizes that AI technologies and their applications in scholarly research and publishing continue to evolve.

This policy may be reviewed and updated to reflect developments in AI technologies, research integrity standards, editorial practices, and relevant ethical guidance.

The journal remains committed to supporting responsible technological innovation while preserving the integrity, transparency, and accountability of scholarly publishing.

11. Related Editorial Policies

This AI Policy should be read in conjunction with the following EJEB policies:

References

Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Authorship and AI Tools. https://publicationethics.org/guidance/cope-position/authorship-and-ai-tools

Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Artificial Intelligence and Peer Review. https://publicationethics.org/news/cope-publishes-guidance-on-ai-in-peer-review

Elsevier. Generative AI Policies for Journals. https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/generative-ai-policies-for-journals