Authorship Criteria

Economic: Journal Economic and Business (EJEB) recognizes authorship as an important form of academic credit and responsibility. All individuals listed as authors must have made substantial intellectual contributions to the research and must be accountable for the integrity, accuracy, and originality of the published work.

This policy follows internationally recognized principles of responsible authorship, including the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

1. Criteria for Authorship

EJEB adopts four criteria for determining authorship. Every individual listed as an author must meet all the following requirements:

  1. Make a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the study, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of research data.

  2. Participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.

  3. Approve the final version of the manuscript before submission and publication.

  4. Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work and cooperate in resolving questions concerning its accuracy or integrity.

Individuals who do not meet all four criteria should not be listed as authors. Their contributions may be recognized in the Acknowledgments section, subject to their permission.

All individuals who meet the authorship criteria should be appropriately included in the author list.

2. Author Contributions

Each author must have a clearly identifiable contribution to the research and manuscript preparation.

Contributions may include:

  • Conceptualization

  • Methodology

  • Investigation and data collection

  • Formal analysis

  • Data curation

  • Writing – original draft

  • Writing – review and editing

  • Visualization

  • Supervision

  • Project administration

  • Funding acquisition

EJEB encourages authors to describe their individual contributions using the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT).

Participation in funding acquisition, general supervision, administrative support, or proofreading alone does not automatically qualify an individual for authorship.

3. Corresponding Author Responsibilities

The corresponding author serves as the primary contact between the authors and the EJEB editorial office throughout submission, peer review, publication, and post-publication communication.

The corresponding author is responsible for:

  1. Ensuring that all listed authors meet the authorship criteria.

  2. Obtaining approval from all co-authors before manuscript submission.

  3. Ensuring that author names, institutional affiliations, email addresses, and other metadata are accurate.

  4. Communicating editorial decisions, reviewer comments, and revision requests to all co-authors.

  5. Coordinating manuscript revisions and obtaining approval for the final version.

  6. Ensuring that relevant disclosures, including funding information and conflicts of interest, are submitted accurately.

  7. Responding to reasonable editorial inquiries concerning the manuscript after publication.

The corresponding author does not have the authority to add, remove, or rearrange authors without the knowledge and agreement of the other authors.

4. Authorship Order

The order of authors must be determined collectively by the authors based on their contributions and mutual agreement.

EJEB does not determine authorship order solely on the basis of academic rank, institutional position, seniority, or funding responsibility.

The agreed authorship order must be confirmed before manuscript submission. Any disagreement concerning authorship order should be resolved by the authors before submission.

5. Changes in Authorship

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after manuscript submission must be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief through the corresponding author.

Each request must include:

  1. A clear explanation of the proposed change.

  2. The reasons supporting the addition, removal, or rearrangement of authors.

  3. Written agreement from all existing authors and any individuals being added or removed.

  4. An updated author contribution statement, where applicable.

The editorial team will evaluate the request in accordance with publication ethics principles.

Changes in authorship after acceptance or publication require additional editorial consideration. Where a change to the published authorship record is justified, an appropriate correction notice may be issued.

6. Unacceptable Authorship Practices

EJEB does not permit unethical authorship practices, including:

Gift or Honorary Authorship: Listing an individual as an author based solely on academic position, professional relationship, institutional authority, or personal consideration without meeting the authorship criteria.

Guest Authorship: Including an individual primarily to increase the perceived credibility or acceptance prospects of the manuscript despite insufficient intellectual contribution.

Ghost Authorship: Omitting an individual who qualifies for authorship or concealing substantial contributions to the preparation of the manuscript.

Coercive Authorship: Including an individual as an author because of pressure, authority, or institutional influence rather than legitimate scholarly contribution.

The editorial team may request clarification of individual author contributions when concerns regarding authorship arise.

7. Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, including generative AI systems, cannot be listed as authors or co-authors because they cannot assume responsibility for the integrity, accuracy, and ethical accountability of scholarly work.

Human authors remain fully responsible for all manuscript content, including material prepared with the assistance of AI tools.

Any substantive use of AI tools in manuscript preparation must be transparently disclosed in accordance with the journal's AI policy.

8. Institutional Affiliations

Authors must provide accurate institutional affiliations reflecting their relevant academic or professional association with the research.

Institutional affiliations must not be fabricated or misrepresented. Any changes or corrections to affiliation information must be communicated to the editorial office.

Where appropriate, authors may provide information concerning their current affiliation separately from the institution where the research was conducted.

9. Authorship Disputes

Disagreements regarding authorship eligibility, author order, or individual contributions should initially be resolved among the researchers involved.

When a dispute cannot be resolved, EJEB may request written explanations and supporting documentation from the parties concerned.

Where necessary, the journal may refer the matter to the relevant institutions for investigation, following applicable COPE guidance.

The editorial team may suspend editorial processing until the authorship dispute has been adequately resolved.

10. Author Accountability

All authors share responsibility for maintaining the integrity of the published scholarly record.

Authors must cooperate with the editorial team when concerns arise regarding data accuracy, originality, ethical compliance, authorship, or other matters affecting the reliability of their work.

If a significant error or ethical concern is identified after publication, authors are expected to cooperate in appropriate corrective actions, including the publication of corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions when warranted.

11. References and Ethical Guidelines

This policy is informed by the following international standards: